Petr G. Shchedrovitsky. (№ 405067)

Most of the specialists (both representatives of management theory and historians) attribute the fact of the origin of organizational and managerial thought activity to the last quarter of the nineteenth century. It was during this period that two lines of thought development were united: the line associated with the social sciences (the theory of state and law, sociology and social psychology, history), and the line associated with the expansion of practical intelligence (in the field of politics, administrative law, the formation of large-scale industry).
In the process of this synthesis, it was possible to combine two types of reflection: research (object-ontological) and project (organizational), which existed before and the results of which were broadcast independently of each other. In this context, for the first time it became possible to raise questions about which objects can be applied to known methods of organization, and vice versa, what methods of organization and design create (produce) specific social objects and phenomena?