Evald Vasilyevich Ilyenkov. The school should learn to think (№ 284372)

Once in the laboratory I. P. Pavlov made a dog very unpleasant (for the dog, of course) experiment.
She carefully formed and practiced positive sljunootdelitelnye reflex on the circle and negative on the image of the ellipse. The dog clearly distinguished between these two "different" shapes. Then one day the circle began to turn in her field of vision so that he is gradually "transformed" in the ellipse. The dog began to worry and at some point broke into a hysterical state. Two strictly exhaust the conditioned-reflex mechanism, directly opposite in its action, joined together and faced to the conflict, the "mistake", in antinomies. For the dog it was unbearable: the moment of transformation "And" in "not? And" - the moment in which the "identity of opposites", - is precisely the moment in which sharply and clearly revealed a fundamental difference between human thinking from reflective activities of the animal.
Pet (as well as the mind, devoid of a genuine "logic" of the culture) in this paragraph breaks down into a tantrum, starts to fuss and is captured by random circumstances.
For a truly cultural in the logical sense of mind is the appearance of a contradiction is the signal of the appearance of [18] problems, unsolvable by strictly intellectual clichéd action - signal to activate "thinking" independent consideration "things" in the expression is encountered the antinomy.
Therefore, the "mind" from the very beginning it is necessary to educate so that "contradiction" was for him not a reason for hysteria and a push for independent work, independent consideration of the thing itself, not just the fact that things said to other people...