Book: Leninist dialectics and metaphysics of positivism

Science (scientific understanding of reality), according to this philosophy, is a system of utterances linking in one consistent complex the elements of “our experience”, sensations. A consistent set of symbols, interconnected in accordance with the requirements and prohibitions of formal logic. According to the Machists, these requirements and prohibitions do not reflect anything in objective reality. They are simply requirements and norms for working with symbols, and logic is a set of techniques for this work. Logic therefore is a science that does not reflect anything in objective reality, but gives only the sum of the rules governing the work with symbols of every kind. Work with symbols. In the name of what? What is the purpose of this work? Where do its norms come from? The Machians are also ready to answer this. “If the rule of law is aimed at maintaining and maintaining a well-known socio-economic system, then the norm of thinking should consider adaptation of the organism to its environment as its ultimate goal” 6. From the needs of the body (that is, from the needs of a completely biologically interpreted person), the Machists derive their understanding of thinking. From the need for balance, from the supposedly inherent need for eliminating all and all kinds of contradictions. “Of course, thinking that is completely free from contradictions is only an ideal, to which we should approach [53] as far as possible; but from the fact that we are very far from it, both in the past thoughts and in the present, it does not at all follow that we must abandon the struggle against contradiction ... ”7 Thinking, like all other mental functions of man, is directly is interpreted as an activity directed - as at its goal immanently laid down in the body of an individual - to maintain (or to restore disturbed) balance. “Every organism is a dynamic system of physical and chemical processes, that is, a system in which individual processes support each other in a state of equilibrium.” 2. Equilibrium, understood as the absence of any conflict states within the body, is here superior the principle of thinking, logic as a system of rules, the observance of which ensures the achievement of this goal, that is, of a state where the body does not experience any needs, but is in a balanced calm and stillness. It is easy to see how unsuitable for the revolutionary’s thinking is the logic resulting from such an understanding of thinking. This logic made the mind that obeyed it fundamentally blind in relation to the contradictions of the opposing reality [54], to contradictions in the composition of real facts themselves, in the sphere of material (economic) relations between classes. She made him blind to the very essence of the revolutionary crisis that has matured in the country, in the system of relations between people. The materialist dialectic of Marx aimed at the analysis of these contradictory relations by the revolutionary thinking. Mach's idealistic metaphysics directly averted his gaze from such an analysis. Lenin saw clearly that a revolutionary who adopted such a logic of thinking inevitably turns from a revolutionary into a kind of capricious being, ignoring the real contradictions of life and trying to impose his arbitrary will on her. And he began to patiently explain to Bogdanov, and Lunacharsky, and to all their like-minded people, what kind of philosophy they were captured, what terrible infection had penetrated into their brain.