Author of quotes: On
A legal manufacturer reduces costs by actually updating production technology and introducing innovations; a shadow entrepreneur tries to ensure a reduction in production costs through non-production methods. In the informal sector, shadow costs are reduced due to savings on the registration of production, in the illegal sector - due to evasion of tax payments, in the criminal sector - as a result of bribery of officials, which provides the bribery entrepreneur with the necessary budget subsidy (or tax benefit, customs preference, monopoly privilege , interest-free loan, debt write-off - corruption has many faces).
№ 464954 Added
MegaMozg 19-03-2024 / 17:09
The social danger of corruption is that it subordinates the resources of society to the interests of the criminal community, supports and protects this community. Therefore, the fight against corruption is recognized throughout the world as the main condition for the social and economic efficiency of the state apparatus.
№ 464953 Added
MegaMozg 19-03-2024 / 17:06
In the economic literature, the concept of consumer
Quote Explanation: paper money is worth no more than the paper on which it is printed.
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MegaMozg 19-03-2024 / 17:03
Only simpletons far from science think: in science, the debate always revolves around the incessant search for objective truth. No matter how it is! In science, including economics, throughout all centuries of human history, the debate has been between supporters of the surviving, obsolete, dying and defenders of the new, future, better.
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MegaMozg 19-03-2024 / 17:00
The value of money is a variable parameter. The dynamics of the value of money, determined by the quantity of goods, is characteristic only of real money, because the resulting excess of gold money settles in the form of an ordinary monetary commodity, whose name is gold. Symbolic money is monofunctional (unlike gold money, which is characterized by multifunctionality), it can be only money, and nothing else - it cannot turn into a commodity, as gold money easily did. Of course, it is easier to print money than to create real goods.
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MegaMozg 19-03-2024 / 16:57
An efficient economy is one in which the minimum total expenditure of resources maximizes the total result (gross national product - GNP). At the same time, the magnitude of the increase in real GNP depends on the magnitude of the increase in investment.
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Viker 19-03-2024 / 12:52
Every time it has to run a budget deficit (and it has to do it all the time), the government is tormented - should it borrow or print? Truly Hamletian
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Viker 19-03-2024 / 12:52
Even in the ancient world, states mastered their most favorite pastime - making what only they were allowed to do: money. And nothing could stop them. It would seem that gold money (where was paper money before it!) should have objectively calmed down the money-creative activity of the state - not at all: through manipulations with the hallmark of gold coins, the state always had additional money. The people called some of the crown bearers that way: for example, Philip IV the Counterfeiter.
№ 464842 Added
Viker 19-03-2024 / 12:52
The state is an unusual, amazing market entity. All market entities, except the state, produce goods. The state is the only market entity that has a monopoly on the right to produce and actually produces a unique product - money. The state produces money, including for super-profitable expenses.
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Viker 19-03-2024 / 12:51
We know only three market subjects - the household (population), the firm (producers), and the government (the apparatus of government officials representing society and its economic interests). Households and firms must include their expenses into their income. They can, of course, spend more, but it will be borrowed money that must be returned within the agreed time frame, and with interest. Only the state is in a different situation - its expenses may exceed its income.
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Viker 19-03-2024 / 12:51
Deflationary policy (stabilization of price levels) is limited by the choice: either stabilization of aggregate effective demand, which requires a strict limitation on the growth of monetary incomes of the population; or the transition to free market prices, which in conditions of inflation always means rising prices; or an increase in supply, which requires stimulating entrepreneurial activity.
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Viker 19-03-2024 / 12:51
Uncontrolled market processes are destructive to society and nature. Therefore, a market economy, more than any other, needs regulation. The role of a regulatory center can only be performed by the state (government) - an institution that represents the entire society and has the right to non-economic intervention in economic relations.
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Viker 19-03-2024 / 12:51
No one is as interested in the growth of income of firms and households as the state, because their income is the only source of tax income for the state.
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Viker 19-03-2024 / 12:49
The theoretical and practical super task of modern economic theory is the mechanism of socialization of a market economy.
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Viker 19-03-2024 / 12:49
The strategic problem of modern economic theory is to determine the optimal relationship between state and market in given historical circumstances.
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Viker 19-03-2024 / 12:49
