Book: History of philosophy. Page 4
As experience shows us, there is no direct connection between moral and immoral behavior and, accordingly, happiness or unhappiness in this life. On the contrary, we often see how completely vicious, unprincipled and immoral individuals achieve great success. Whereas people who follow moral duty often suffer because of their decency, live in poverty, and do not receive recognition. This situation is contrary to our moral conscience, which requires fair compliance. But since this correspondence does not exist in the world of phenomena, it remains to be assumed that it takes place in the intelligible world.
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MegaMozg 07-05-2024 / 03:15
Act in such a way that you always treat humanity, both in your own person and in the person of everyone else, as an end, and never treat it only as a means.
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MegaMozg 07-05-2024 / 03:12
Every person, every personality is an end in itself, therefore a person cannot be a means in solving any problems, even tasks to achieve the common good.
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MegaMozg 07-05-2024 / 03:09
A thing in itself is an object of the external world (or the whole world as a whole) as it exists in itself. A thing for us is an image (phenomenon) of an object in the external world (or the entire world as a whole), existing in our consciousness. We always deal only with the thing for us.
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MegaMozg 06-05-2024 / 15:54
Diderot understands movement not only as movement in space, but also as any change, growth and destruction. The consciousness that a person possesses is a property of highly organized matter; its emergence is associated with the formation of man as a biological species. Diderot anticipated some ideas of evolutionary theory.
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MegaMozg 06-05-2024 / 15:36
No citizen should be so rich as to be able to buy another, and no one so poor as to be forced to sell himself.
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MegaMozg 06-05-2024 / 15:33
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MegaMozg 06-05-2024 / 15:30
The highest goal for man is freedom. However, political freedom is not about doing whatever you want. In a state, that is, in a society where there are laws, freedom is the right to do everything that is allowed by the laws.
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MegaMozg 06-05-2024 / 15:27
The nature of the internal laws (political and civil law) of various states is closely related to the spirit (mentality) of the people living in a given state. And the spirit of the nation, in turn, is determined primarily by the geographical environment, i.e. climate, geographical conditions, soil quality, way of life (farmers, hunters, cattle breeders), as well as religion, morals and customs, etc. therefore only in extremely In rare cases, the laws of one people may be suitable for another.
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MegaMozg 06-05-2024 / 15:24
Voltaire considered a constitutional monarchy to be the best form of government; he believed that the stratification of society into the poor and ignorant, on the one hand, and the rich and educated, on the other, was inevitable and consistent with the nature of people.
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MegaMozg 06-05-2024 / 15:21
We are unable to judge the activities of God and his intervention in the affairs of the world. Human history is the work of people themselves; the source of evil is people themselves.
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MegaMozg 06-05-2024 / 15:18
We do not know anything about this world and cannot know.
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MegaMozg 06-05-2024 / 15:15
The activities of the Enlightenment leaders ideologically prepared the Great French Revolution in many ways; It was in their ideology that the famous slogan was formed: Freedom, Equality, Brotherhood. Fortunately for them, none of the great philosophers of this era lived to see the revolution itself and saw what their calls for freedom, equality, and fraternity, based on the triumph of reason, resulted in practice.
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MegaMozg 06-05-2024 / 15:12
The Enlightenment people believed that the main cause of human misfortune (and above all social disasters) was human ignorance. Therefore, to eliminate it, it is necessary to educate people - hence the very name of the era. But at the same time, we were talking about enlightening only the upper strata of society, for which it is necessary that an enlightened monarch be at the head of the state.
Quote Explanation: Philosophy of the Age of Enlightenment.
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MegaMozg 06-05-2024 / 15:09
Since all people are equal and independent, no one should harm the life, health, freedom and property of other people. Therefore, natural rights are: the right to life, the right to liberty, the right to property and the right to the protection of these rights.
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MegaMozg 04-05-2024 / 03:42
