Book: History of philosophy. Page 2

Atheistic existentialism understands freedom as the opportunity for a person to choose himself, that is, his essence, which does not depend on anything in this world. Freedom turns out to be a heavy burden that a person is forced to bear if he has chosen himself as an individual. But a person can refuse this choice, then he ceases to be himself and becomes like

Human life always flows in time, but this is not objective, indifferent, cosmic time, but personal-historical time, associated with human experiences, searches, hopes. Each individual exists only within a certain culture and a specific situation.u003d; and whatever his own desires, he is forced to reckon with the world in which he finds himself.

The central place in existentialism is occupied by the problem of man and his existence. But it is impossible to understand human existence using rational methods; it is comprehended only intuitively. Human existence appears before the researcher’s gaze in the form of a stream of experiences in which the researcher himself is involved.

Truly human existence is possible only in faith, where there is a meeting between a truly unique human personality and a unique, unique God.

A person cannot simply think about something; he always does it at a certain time, under certain conditions and in a certain state of mind.

The main difference between humans and animals is that humans develop intuition and the ability to be creative.

Only the strong have the right to exist. Let the weak and ugly perish - the first commandment of our love for mankind.

The human psyche stores traces of all the events, all the desires a person had during his life. However, not everyone remains on the surface of the psyche, in consciousness. Most of it is repressed into the subconscious. There are all the desires and drives that have not passed the censorship of our Self, that is, they turned out to be incompatible with the ethical requirements that a person masters in the process of his socialization.

From Freud's point of view, the unconscious is behind many of our actions, and, above all, behind such as fantasies, dreams, slips of the tongue, behind forgotten impressions (repressed from the sphere of consciousness).

The main object of study in psychoanalytic philosophy is the human psyche. It is considered as having its own nature, patterns of functioning and development that cannot be reduced to the properties of the physical world. The central place is occupied by the doctrine of the unconscious.

Human consciousness is understood in pragmatism as a tool

Cohen declared his task to be an audit

In antagonistic formations, the main driving force of social development is the struggle of classes that exist only in unity. The reason for the existence of classes and class struggle is private ownership of the means of production. The state arises as a weapon of the propertied classes and serves to protect their interests.

Social existence is understood as a set of material social processes and relations that exist independently of the will and consciousness of individuals or society as a whole. Social consciousness is interpreted as a reflection of social existence. The basis of social existence is the productive forces and production relations, which together constitute the real basis of society on which the political and ideological superstructure is built.