philosophy [Theme] Page 1

Al-Ashari and his followers categorically denied the eternity of the world and the presence of objective laws in it. The world was created by Allah, moreover, every moment Allah influences the world. that is, every event occurring in the world is the result of a separate creative act of God. Al-Ashari denied the existence of cause-and-effect relationships in the world and allowed only the existence of habits implanted by God in nature.

What medieval philosophy has in common in all regions is its close connection with theology. Philosophy most often acted as a rational basis for theology (servant

The church on earth is a prototype of the heavenly city of God, and the state is a large band of robbers.

Pagan philosophy and Christian doctrine are two branches of the same tree; the truths of Christianity are consistent with the teachings of the best of the pagans; philosophy is, as it were, the threshold of Christianity. There is no knowledge without faith and faith without knowledge.

Man is a combination of soul and body. The soul is the bearer of the divine principle in man; it exists before the birth of the body, the soul is immortal, it is the source of movement and activity, it contains everything that allows a person to rise. The human body is material, inactive and inert, the body contains all the worst things that pull a person down, the body is a prison for the soul. Man, by virtue of his physicality, is initially a sinful being.

Since, in accordance with Christian doctrine, the main goal of human life is to gain heavenly bliss, the most important place in Christian theology and philosophy was occupied by the doctrine of salvation, i.e., about the ways of finding heavenly bliss and getting closer to God.

Christianity arose in the 1st century AD. e. in the eastern province of the Roman Empire - Palestine, and in the II-III centuries. spread widely throughout the empire and even beyond its borders. Since Christianity proclaimed that there is only one true God, all Roman gods were understood in Christianity as false gods or even demons.

If I were not Alexander, I would like to be Diogenes.

The Cynics did not deny the existence of the gods, but they believed that there was no need to ask them for anything. so as not to lose your independence.

Cynics encourage the individual to rely only on himself, considering this the only way to gain the highest value, spiritual freedom, independence from the world and other people. They despised nobility and wealth, considering the latter immoral.

The highest good in life is pleasure. Pleasure, first of all, is the absence of suffering (and not sensual pleasures at all!). The best way to do this is to withdraw yourself from all worries and anxieties, from public and government affairs, maximum independence from external conditions, and renunciation of unnecessary desires.

Belief in gods arose due to man's fear of the forces of nature that he did not understand and the inability to explain them. Knowledge of the true structure of the world, the nature of the gods and the fact that the soul is mortal allows one to do without religion.

The gods exist in interworldly space, where they enjoy bliss and do not interfere in the affairs of people, since any intervention would disrupt their serene state.

Arguments justifying the existence of evil in the world: God is not omnipotent, his will constantly runs into the blind necessity of nature, which spontaneously resists the providence of God. What is evil for a part can be good for the whole. If evil did not exist, then there would be no good.