Character: on behalf of the author. Page 1

Voltaire considered a constitutional monarchy to be the best form of government; he believed that the stratification of society into the poor and ignorant, on the one hand, and the rich and educated, on the other, was inevitable and consistent with the nature of people.

The activities of the Enlightenment leaders ideologically prepared the Great French Revolution in many ways; It was in their ideology that the famous slogan was formed: Freedom, Equality, Brotherhood. Fortunately for them, none of the great philosophers of this era lived to see the revolution itself and saw what their calls for freedom, equality, and fraternity, based on the triumph of reason, resulted in practice.

The Enlightenment people believed that the main cause of human misfortune (and above all social disasters) was human ignorance. Therefore, to eliminate it, it is necessary to educate people - hence the very name of the era. But at the same time, we were talking about enlightening only the upper strata of society, for which it is necessary that an enlightened monarch be at the head of the state.

Stand in the face of eternity and evaluate your own contribution to the eternal struggle against chaos. What have you - have you personally done to make this universe at least a little brighter before you start whining that everything is bad?

Very often, writing well means getting rid of fears and unnaturalness. Pretentiousness itself, starting with the need to call some type of writing “bad” and the rest “good,” is behavior dictated by fear. Good writing is also about making good choices when it comes to choosing tools.

- Because after the first one we wouldn’t go anywhere!

Newton introduced the concepts of absolute and relative space and time. Relative space is the distance between bodies, which we can measure with the help of measuring instruments, and relative time is the time between different events, which we can measure with the help of clocks. Absolute space and time are mathematical abstractions rather than something that actually exists.

In Newton's picture of the world, nature turns out to be a huge mechanism (like a clock).

He did not do evil to hurt anyone. He did evil to do good for himself.

Francis Bacon was a supporter of an absolute monarchy and a strong centralized state. The people are a constant source of unrest, but the cause of the riots lies in great hunger and great discontent, and the latter is caused by ruin, want, and heavy taxes. These evils can be cured by easing duties and taxes and curbing luxury.

During the Enlightenment, belief in the limitless power of human reason and science was established. It seemed that the application of human reason and scientific methodology to all spheres of existence would make it possible to understand all the secrets of nature and reorganize social life on a reasonable and natural basis. An attempt to reorganize social life in a rational way based on educational slogans Freedom.

Tommaso Campanella was repeatedly accused of heresy and spent 27 years in prison. Wrote CITY in prison

In 1515, Thomas More published the treatise UTOPIA, which depicts an ideal society. There, all people are equal, there is no private or even personal property, not only production, but also everyday life is socialized. Labor is the responsibility of all citizens; assignment to work is made depending on the needs of society and the abilities of citizens. The working day lasts six hours. The most difficult and unpleasant work is performed by criminals who have the status of slaves. Consumer goods are distributed among citizens according to need; there is no money in Utopia. There is material abundance in society.

Paracelsus told his medical students: Reading